# Science

**URL:** https://discourse.numenta.org/c/science/44.md

[Latest](https://discourse.numenta.org/latest.md) · [Categories](https://discourse.numenta.org/categories.md) · [Tags](https://discourse.numenta.org/tags.md)

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## [About the Science category](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/about-the-science-category/6191)

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**Author:** [@rhyolight](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/rhyolight)\
**Replies:** 0

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Discussions about the science and theory behind intelligence in the brain. Please focus on topics related to HTM or the investigation of intelligence in the brain.

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## [My Brainstem RNS-AI project has made progress](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/my-brainstem-rns-ai-project-has-made-progress/12627)

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**Author:** [@unikum-sol](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/unikum-sol)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [September 28, 2026, 11:51am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/my-brainstem-rns-ai-project-has-made-progress/12627 "2026-09-28T11:51:53Z")

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Here is my current project status, it has become quite extensive in the meantime. I look forward to feedback and discussions. Here is a small excerpt. „BrainStem is a self-learning language-understanding system desi…

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## [Creating Intelligence - A Computational Foundation for AGI](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/creating-intelligence-a-computational-foundation-for-agi/12455)

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**Author:** [@POv](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/POv)\
**Replies:** 67\
**Last updated:** [September 23, 2026, 2:11pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/creating-intelligence-a-computational-foundation-for-agi/12455 "2026-09-23T14:11:00Z")

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Hi everyone, It’s been four years since my Triadic Memory project was discussed here. That topic became the most-replied-to thread on this forum, and I am still incredibly grateful for the discussions we had. Now, I’m…

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## [The Dynamic Deficit Hypothesis: A Radical Abstraction of Self, Sensation, and Consciousness](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/the-dynamic-deficit-hypothesis-a-radical-abstraction-of-self-sensation-and-consciousness/12613)

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**Author:** [@LEMA](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/LEMA)\
**Replies:** 15\
**Last updated:** [September 22, 2026, 2:08am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/the-dynamic-deficit-hypothesis-a-radical-abstraction-of-self-sensation-and-consciousness/12613 "2026-09-22T02:08:39Z")

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You’d really help me out if we pick this controversial topic apart piece by piece I would like to share a controversial and speculative hypothesis regarding the nature of subjective experience. The paper, titled “The Dy…

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## [Selective Self-Organization Hypothesis (GSS 1.0) An Operational Architecture of Functional Subjectivity (with Ontological Extensions)](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/selective-self-organization-hypothesis-gss-1-0-an-operational-architecture-of-functional-subjectivity-with-ontological-extensions/12583)

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**Author:** [@LEMA](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/LEMA)\
**Replies:** 15\
**Last updated:** [September 11, 2026, 3:56am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/selective-self-organization-hypothesis-gss-1-0-an-operational-architecture-of-functional-subjectivity-with-ontological-extensions/12583 "2026-09-11T03:56:50Z")

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I propose an alternative architecture for understanding functional subjectivity based on selective self-organization, rather than on the training methods of modern neural networks. Instead of optimizing a loss function …

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## [New Biologically Constrained Learning Rule](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/new-biologically-constrained-learning-rule/12291)

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**Author:** [@dmac](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/dmac)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 28, 2026, 2:25pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/new-biologically-constrained-learning-rule/12291 "2026-07-28T14:25:47Z")

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A generalized mathematical framework for the calcium control hypothesis describes weight‐dependent synaptic plasticity Toviah Moldwin, Li Shay Azran, Idan Segev (2025) https://doi.org/10.1007/s10827-025-00894-6 Abstra…

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## [Topological Harmonic Cognition](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/topological-harmonic-cognition/12387)

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**Author:** [@Davis\_Sai](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Davis_Sai)\
**Replies:** 12\
**Last updated:** [July 23, 2026, 5:43pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/topological-harmonic-cognition/12387 "2026-07-23T17:43:20Z")

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Topological Harmonic Cognition: Variational Deficit Resolution on Co-Evolving Neural Cellular Automata abstract ===== We propose a theory of cognition and reasoning based on a dynamically self-reconfiguring Neural Cel…

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## [Feedback wanted: Hobbist-built Codec for Large Sparse Binary Vectors](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/feedback-wanted-hobbist-built-codec-for-large-sparse-binary-vectors/12507)

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**Author:** [@Nik\_Bielski](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Nik_Bielski)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [July 21, 2026, 10:47am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/feedback-wanted-hobbist-built-codec-for-large-sparse-binary-vectors/12507 "2026-07-21T10:47:47Z")

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My cousins and I have been developing a new codec for very large sparse binary vectors, and the initial results seems promising for parameter free encodings. Initially we thought it might be pretty novel, because the cod…

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## [State of Brain Emulation Report 2025](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/state-of-brain-emulation-report-2025/12467)

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**Author:** [@dmac](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/dmac)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 19, 2026, 9:04am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/state-of-brain-emulation-report-2025/12467 "2026-07-19T09:04:03Z")

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State of Brain Emulation Report 2025 A comprehensive report of the current status of whole-brain simulation. This focuses on five model organisms (c. elegans, larval zebrafish, drosophilia, mouse, human).

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## [Cognitive Coherence Model (CCM - A cognitive standalone architecture)](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/cognitive-coherence-model-ccm-a-cognitive-standalone-architecture/12451)

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**Author:** [@Akimsa\_3](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Akimsa_3)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [June 17, 2026, 9:31pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/cognitive-coherence-model-ccm-a-cognitive-standalone-architecture/12451 "2026-06-17T21:31:30Z")

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Hi everybody i’m Akimsa3 the creator of the CCM (Cognitive Coherence Model). A standalone cognitive architecture that tries to aim to replicate cognitive process beyond a single channel, now it has an early build impleme…

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## [Why do members here think DL-based methods can't achieve AGI?](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/why-do-members-here-think-dl-based-methods-cant-achieve-agi/9253)

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**Author:** [@neel\_g](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/neel_g)\
**Replies:** 182\
**Last updated:** [May 23, 2026, 2:37am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/why-do-members-here-think-dl-based-methods-cant-achieve-agi/9253 "2026-05-23T02:37:14Z")

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It’s very interesting to observe members here discussing about TBT (which I will declare beforehand I know very little of, along with neuroscience). I am concerned, however, with the parallel of approaches taken by Deep…

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## [Visualizing Properties of Encoders](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/visualizing-properties-of-encoders/10727)

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**Author:** [@jacobeverist](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/jacobeverist)\
**Replies:** 34\
**Last updated:** [May 13, 2026, 5:52am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/visualizing-properties-of-encoders/10727 "2026-05-13T05:52:18Z")

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One of the biggest unspoken challenges I had when exploring HTM theory and trying to build applications was: how do you choose and configure encoders to translate your raw input data into SDRs? This problem has been ack…

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## [Column/assembly graph neural network](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/column-assembly-graph-neural-network/12345)

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**Author:** [@richardbaxter](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/richardbaxter)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [May 13, 2026, 5:20am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/column-assembly-graph-neural-network/12345 "2026-05-13T05:20:36Z")

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I have created a knowledgebase/graph neural network architecture (GIAANN prototype) which can be used to predict the next token in a sequence. It trains a set of columns for every new noun encountered in a textual corpus…

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## [Exploring cognitive skill profiles through training task performance](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/exploring-cognitive-skill-profiles-through-training-task-performance/12373)

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**Author:** [@Emir\_Baycan](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Emir_Baycan)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [May 12, 2026, 3:27am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/exploring-cognitive-skill-profiles-through-training-task-performance/12373 "2026-05-12T03:27:04Z")

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We’ve been building an online cognitive testing platform and recently expanded it with a separate training section focused on specific cognitive functions rather than only IQ scoring. One interesting pattern we kept not…

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## [Proposed theory of consciousness](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/proposed-theory-of-consciousness/12297)

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**Author:** [@Aidan\_Busby](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Aidan_Busby)\
**Replies:** 4\
**Last updated:** [March 18, 2026, 8:07pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/proposed-theory-of-consciousness/12297 "2026-03-18T20:07:16Z")

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Hello all- I have recently been developing a relational-ontology based framework of consciousness. I would appreciate any feedback/constructive criticism (or destructive, I suppose, if anyone has serious objections) of …

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## [Complementary Learning Systems theory and HTM as a theory of the hippocampus](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/complementary-learning-systems-theory-and-htm-as-a-theory-of-the-hippocampus/2636)

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**Author:** [@jakebruce](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/jakebruce)\
**Replies:** 12\
**Last updated:** [February 6, 2026, 1:38pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/complementary-learning-systems-theory-and-htm-as-a-theory-of-the-hippocampus/2636 "2026-02-06T13:38:54Z")

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HTM is intended to be a theory of the neocortex. But in some ways the algorithm seems to apply more appropriately to the hippocampus. In particular, both HTM and the hippocampus learn from experience online, and very qui…

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## [Machines That Invent Logic: Self-Discovering Symbolic Abstractions from Unlabeled Primitives](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/machines-that-invent-logic-self-discovering-symbolic-abstractions-from-unlabeled-primitives/12239)

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**Author:** [@Davis\_Sai](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Davis_Sai)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [January 26, 2026, 5:11pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/machines-that-invent-logic-self-discovering-symbolic-abstractions-from-unlabeled-primitives/12239 "2026-01-26T17:11:42Z")

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title:Machines That Invent Logic: Self-Discovering Symbolic Abstractions from Unlabeled Primitives author: Tofara Moyo abstract Wepresent a self-discovering abstraction engine that invents its own symbolic language fr…

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## [A Self-Discovering Abstraction Engine via Variational Symmetry, Typed Program Induction, and Neural-Symbolic Compilation](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/a-self-discovering-abstraction-engine-via-variational-symmetry-typed-program-induction-and-neural-symbolic-compilation/12206)

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**Author:** [@Davis\_Sai](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Davis_Sai)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [January 25, 2026, 4:03am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/a-self-discovering-abstraction-engine-via-variational-symmetry-typed-program-induction-and-neural-symbolic-compilation/12206 "2026-01-25T04:03:01Z")

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A Self-Discovering Abstraction Engine via Variational Symmetry, Typed Program Induction, and Neural-Symbolic Compilation author : Tofara Moyo abstract We present a general-purpose abstraction engine capable of discover…

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## [Shared brain structure among different intelligent species](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/shared-brain-structure-among-different-intelligent-species/12201)

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**Author:** [@sean](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/sean)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [January 22, 2026, 4:53pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/shared-brain-structure-among-different-intelligent-species/12201 "2026-01-22T16:53:42Z")

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I just finished reading “A Thousand Brains” by Jeff Hawkins - great book (here is my review)! He identifies cortical columns in the human neocortex as the key part of intelligence, which implement reference frames (to fo…

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## [A conceptual proposal similar to Reference Frames: The Abstractive Thinking Model (ATM)](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/a-conceptual-proposal-similar-to-reference-frames-the-abstractive-thinking-model-atm/12125)

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**Author:** [@Jonathan\_Monclare](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Jonathan_Monclare)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [November 27, 2025, 11:38am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/a-conceptual-proposal-similar-to-reference-frames-the-abstractive-thinking-model-atm/12125 "2025-11-27T11:38:22Z")

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Hi everyone, my name is Jonathan Monclare. I am an AI enthusiast coming from a non-traditional background. Since I lack professional technical skills and engineering knowledge, I attempted to approach this from a diffe…

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## [Does predictive coding have a future?](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/does-predictive-coding-have-a-future/4364)

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**Author:** [@Bitking](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Bitking)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [September 29, 2025, 2:47pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/does-predictive-coding-have-a-future/4364 "2025-09-29T14:47:08Z")

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Clearly - in this forum, we take the answer in the affirmative! I think this Paper speaks directly to the theoretical underpinnings of HTM theory. Fristen talks of the difference between predictions and perceptions (I …

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## [Hierarchical Models in the Brain](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/hierarchical-models-in-the-brain/12039)

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**Author:** [@CollinsEM](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/CollinsEM)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [September 29, 2025, 11:30am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/hierarchical-models-in-the-brain/12039 "2025-09-29T11:30:37Z")

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Hierarchical Models in the Brain Karl Friston Author Summary Models are essential to make sense of scientific data, but they may also play a central role in how we assimilate sensory information. In this paper, we intr…

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## [Local Hebb in apical dendrites](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/local-hebb-in-apical-dendrites/11819)

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**Author:** [@bkaz](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/bkaz)\
**Replies:** 8\
**Last updated:** [September 3, 2025, 5:01am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/local-hebb-in-apical-dendrites/11819 "2025-09-03T05:01:31Z")

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Distinct synaptic plasticity rules operate across dendritic compartments in vivo during learninghttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40245144/ "we found that apical and basal dendrites of layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal neurons s…

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## [A Hierarchy of Time-Scales and the Brain](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/a-hierarchy-of-time-scales-and-the-brain/12038)

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**Author:** [@CollinsEM](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/CollinsEM)\
**Replies:** 2\
**Last updated:** [August 18, 2025, 9:48pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/a-hierarchy-of-time-scales-and-the-brain/12038 "2025-08-18T21:48:19Z")

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A Hierarchy of Time-Scales and the Brain Stefan J. Kiebel, Jean Daunizeau, Karl J. Friston Author Summary Currently, there is no theory that explains how the largescale organization of the human brain can be related to…

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## [32.63% on ARC AGI 2 benchmark](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/32-63-on-arc-agi-2-benchmark/12011)

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**Author:** [@Tofara\_Moyo](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Tofara_Moyo)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [August 7, 2025, 3:51pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/32-63-on-arc-agi-2-benchmark/12011 "2025-08-07T15:51:53Z")

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Continuous-Time Graph Neural Networks for Abstraction and Reasoning Tasks author:Tofara Moyo I achieved 32.63% on Arc AGI2 dataset, state of the art with a model with 50k parameters. code here : https://colab.researc…

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## [Hierarchical Reasoning Model](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/hierarchical-reasoning-model/11958)

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**Author:** [@cezar\_t](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/cezar_t)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 23, 2025, 2:16pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/hierarchical-reasoning-model/11958 "2025-07-23T14:16:12Z")

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HRM excels at tasks that demand extensive search and backtracking. Using only 1,000 input-output examples, without pre-training or CoT supervision, HRM learns to solve problems that are intractable for even the most adv…

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## [Graph Continuous Thought Machines](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/graph-continuous-thought-machines/11892)

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**Author:** [@Tofara\_Moyo](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/Tofara_Moyo)\
**Replies:** 6\
**Last updated:** [July 16, 2025, 4:22am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/graph-continuous-thought-machines/11892 "2025-07-16T04:22:58Z")

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We propose a novel Graph Continuous Thought Machine (Graph CTM) architecture that integrates a simulated prefrontal cortex to enable adaptive problem-solving and decision-making. The Graph CTM leverages graph neural net-…

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## [Can a Hebbian-like learning rule be avoiding the curse of dimensionality in sparse distributed data?](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/can-a-hebbian-like-learning-rule-be-avoiding-the-curse-of-dimensionality-in-sparse-distributed-data/11946)

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**Author:** [@dmac](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/dmac)\
**Replies:** 1\
**Last updated:** [July 11, 2025, 2:49pm UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/can-a-hebbian-like-learning-rule-be-avoiding-the-curse-of-dimensionality-in-sparse-distributed-data/11946 "2025-07-11T14:49:14Z")

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Can a Hebbian-like learning rule be avoiding the curse of dimensionality in sparse distributed data? Maria Osório, Luis Sa-Couto & Andreas Wichert, 2024 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00422-024-00995-y Abstract It is genera…

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## [Dynamical constraints on neural population activity](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/dynamical-constraints-on-neural-population-activity/11765)

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**Author:** [@dmac](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/dmac)\
**Replies:** 3\
**Last updated:** [March 13, 2025, 11:04am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/dynamical-constraints-on-neural-population-activity/11765 "2025-03-13T11:04:04Z")

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Brain’s Hidden Learning Limits By Artem Kirsanov And here is the paper: Dynamical constraints on neural population activity Oby, E.R., Degenhart, A.D., Grigsby, E.M. et al (2025) https://doi.org/10.1038…

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## [Three Tiers Transformers Brains](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/three-tiers-transformers-brains/11773)

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**Author:** [@SeanOConnor](https://discourse.numenta.org/u/SeanOConnor)\
**Replies:** 0\
**Last updated:** [March 11, 2025, 3:00am UTC](https://discourse.numenta.org/t/three-tiers-transformers-brains/11773 "2025-03-11T03:00:15Z")

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Maybe this paper is interesting. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.04848 The limitations about learning grammers might be due to artifical neural networks being heirachical associative memory, I kind of would imagine.

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