How do human brains represent things?

Funny you should ask that.
To answer your immediate question: tail and other furry bits build up to the big shaggy dog, with all the doggy bits coexisting and stacking up as splotches of activations across a grid pattern. The doggy does not stand alone, you sort him out of the overall scene so there are other patterns stacking up in the same grid representation all at the same time. [1][2][3]

This doggy grid pattern in the association area is the key to recall the associated doggy related info from other parts of the brain. I don’t expect to find any direct connections to this information at the lower-sensory areas.

Note that a doggy in the other parts of the brain primes recognition in the sensory areas, presumably through forming the same general grid patterns. [4]

See also, the Feb 2 hackers hang out.

[1] Understanding mid-level representations in visual processing.

[2] Probing intermediate stages of shape processing
http://jov.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2389021

[3] Processing context: Asymmetric interference of visual form and texture
in object and scene interactions

[4] Feedforward and Feedback Processes in Vision